01. An
adjective is a word that describes a noun.
Eg:
·
She is a decent girl.
·
You've got a nice garden.
·
The sea was rough and stormy.
02. Some
adjectives can be compared. There are three degrees of comparison.
1) The
positive
2) The
comparative
3) The
superlative
The positive: names the
simple quality.
Eg: dark, tall, bright, kind, useful
etc.
The comparative: names
a further degree of the quality.
Eg: darker, taller, brighter,
kinder, more useful etc.
The superlative: names
the utmost degree of the quality.
Eg: the darkest, the
tallest, the brightest, the kindest, the most useful.
Short adjective: A short adjective is an
adjective with one syllabic sound.
One syllable adjectives eg. Warm,
small, nice, new, have "er" for the
comparative and "est"
for the superlative.
Notice the following
cases:
I.
If the positive ends in two consonants,
or in one consonant, 'er' and 'est' are respectively added to the positive in
forming comparative and superlative.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Young Younger Youngest
Cold
…………… ……………
Bright
…………… ……………
Tall …………… ……………
Deep …………… ……………
Sweet …………… ……………
Small …………… ……………
II.
If the positive ends in one consonant
preceded by a short vowel, that consonant is doubled before 'er' and
'est' are added.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Flat Flatter Flattest
Glad …………… ……………
Big …………… ……………
Hot …………… ……………
Thin …………… ……………
Sad …………… ……………
Fat …………… ……………
III.
When the positive ends in 'e', only 'r'
and 'st' [not 'er', 'est'] are added.
Brave braver bravest
Fine …………… ……………
Large …………… ……………
Nice …………… ……………
Wise …………… ……………
IV.
If the positive ends in 'y' preceded by
a consonant, the 'y' is changed into 'i' before adding 'er' and 'est'.
Happy happier happiest
Easy …………… ……………
Heavy …………… ……………
Merry …………… ……………
Wealthy …………… ……………
Holy …………… ……………
V.
If the positive ends in 'y' preceded by
a vowel, the 'y' is not changed into 'i'
Gay gayer gayest
Grey …………… ……………
01.
Adjectives of three or more syllables form
their comparative and superlative by putting 'more' and 'most'
before the positive.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Expensive more expensive most
expensive
Interesting …………… ……………
Difficult …………… ……………
Beautiful …………… ……………
Industrious …………… ……………
Courageous …………… ……………
Satisfactory …………… ……………
02. Adjectives
of two syllables follow one or the other of the above rules:
Those ending in 'ful' or 'r' usually
take 'more' and 'most'.
Doubtful …………… ……………
Careful …………… ……………
Obscure …………… ……………
03. Those
ending in 'er', 'y' or 'ly' usually add 'er', 'est'.
Pretty …………… ……………
Holy …………… ……………
Clever …………… ……………
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